Instructional Design
Consists of four elements:
1. Clarifying
objectives and desired learning outcomes.
2. The
analysis and structuring of subject matter.
3. The
prediction of user responses to material presented and the adaptation of
materials design accordingly.
4. The
integration of assessment and the provision of feedback.
Reference: Inglis, A., Ling, P. & Joosten, V. (1999) Delivering Digitally: Managing the Transition to the
Knowledge Media (
Application
These four elements are
useful, whether or not the end purpose is to develop an E-learning program.
In the first step, the first
two elements should be considered together:
·
subject matter; and
·
the desired learning outcomes.
First Step
For
a topic, or syllabus element:
1. determine
the major content areas for each topic;
For each of the major content areas:
2.
determine
the sub-content areas for each;
For each of the sub-content areas:
3.
determine
the sub-sub-content areas for each; … and so on
Second Step
For
a topic, or syllabus element:
1. determine
the major learning outcomes for each major content area;
For each of the learning outcomes:
2.
determine
the sub-learning outcomes for each;
For each of the sub-learning outcomes:
3.
determine
the sub-sub-learning outcomes for each; … and so on
The result is a hierarchy
of content and learning outcomes. The best way of setting this up is to
use a computer and a word-processing program such as MSWord.
We
will now practice the First & Second Steps.